Determining Protein Qualities
Do not know what to look for in a protein supplement? Can't decide on the the best source of protein in your diet? Whether it is eggs, beef, whey protein, casein protein or soy protein, you might like to learn more on which of these products are best for your needs.
Biological Value (BV)
This value is a calibration of the quantity of nitrogen absorbed by the body when protein is consumed in an empty stomach. It indicates how digestible and available the protein is for use by the body. For example, a whole egg has a 100% nitrogen absorption rating.
Net Protein Utilization or NPU
Net Protein Utilization is a comparison between the amount of nitrogen taken into the body versus the amount retained. NPU is a percentage value of 100% as the highest utilization of dietary nitrogen as protein. An example of this is whey protein isolate.
Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)
The protein efficiency ratio (PER) is based on the weight gain of a test subject (mainly lab rats) divided by its intake of a particular food protein during the test period. Unfortunately, rats handle protein differently than humans and may cause slight calculation errors. The FDA uses this ratio to calculate the recommended daily allowance of protein on food labels
Amino Acid Score or AAS
The amino acid score is a measure of the quantity of individual amino acids in a protein, relative to the need for the amino acid. This type of measure does not evaluate whether or not the protein is digestible. Values of 1 or more are proteins that carry amino acids that are required by humans. Example: Whole milk Methionine + cystine (84), threonine (94), lysine (97)
Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)
PDCAAS pattern is based on the protein requirements of preschool-age children (rather than lab rats) combined with the AAS score, thereby, correcting the shortcomings of the PER and AAS methods. A protein with a high score of 100% PDCAAS, means that the food provides about 100% of protein synthesis for the human body, such as whole egg (1.00).
Amino Acids - Essential and Non-Essential
Essential amino acids are amino acids that are needed by the human body but cannot be made by the body; therefore, they have to be provided for in the diet.
Glutamine - a non-essential amino acid
Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that is found in massive amounts in the muscles of the body. Because it easily passes through the blood-brain barrier, it is also known as a brain fuel. Glutamine can be converted to glucose and used for energy rather than blood sugar. Glutamine also increases growth hormone levels thereby increasing muscle cell volume as well.
Arginine - a non-essential amino acid
Arginine is a non-essential amino acid that thwarts both physical and mental fatigue. It releases both growth hormone and insulin in the body during intense exercise, thereby promoting muscle growth. It is also involved in the metabolism of ammonia and nitrogen transport. Arginine may also increase fat metabolism and lower LDL cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.
When absorbed into the human body through diet, the twenty-one standard amino acids are either oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy or used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules. About ten of these are essential, and therefore, must be included in the diet.
A diet that contains adequate amounts of amino acids (especially those that are essential) is particularly important in some situations: early development, puberty, pregnancy, lactation, or injury and for building muscle. For muscle building, pick a protein supplement or add to your diet foods that score high in several of the standards mentioned here. - 17274
Biological Value (BV)
This value is a calibration of the quantity of nitrogen absorbed by the body when protein is consumed in an empty stomach. It indicates how digestible and available the protein is for use by the body. For example, a whole egg has a 100% nitrogen absorption rating.
Net Protein Utilization or NPU
Net Protein Utilization is a comparison between the amount of nitrogen taken into the body versus the amount retained. NPU is a percentage value of 100% as the highest utilization of dietary nitrogen as protein. An example of this is whey protein isolate.
Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)
The protein efficiency ratio (PER) is based on the weight gain of a test subject (mainly lab rats) divided by its intake of a particular food protein during the test period. Unfortunately, rats handle protein differently than humans and may cause slight calculation errors. The FDA uses this ratio to calculate the recommended daily allowance of protein on food labels
Amino Acid Score or AAS
The amino acid score is a measure of the quantity of individual amino acids in a protein, relative to the need for the amino acid. This type of measure does not evaluate whether or not the protein is digestible. Values of 1 or more are proteins that carry amino acids that are required by humans. Example: Whole milk Methionine + cystine (84), threonine (94), lysine (97)
Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)
PDCAAS pattern is based on the protein requirements of preschool-age children (rather than lab rats) combined with the AAS score, thereby, correcting the shortcomings of the PER and AAS methods. A protein with a high score of 100% PDCAAS, means that the food provides about 100% of protein synthesis for the human body, such as whole egg (1.00).
Amino Acids - Essential and Non-Essential
Essential amino acids are amino acids that are needed by the human body but cannot be made by the body; therefore, they have to be provided for in the diet.
Glutamine - a non-essential amino acid
Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that is found in massive amounts in the muscles of the body. Because it easily passes through the blood-brain barrier, it is also known as a brain fuel. Glutamine can be converted to glucose and used for energy rather than blood sugar. Glutamine also increases growth hormone levels thereby increasing muscle cell volume as well.
Arginine - a non-essential amino acid
Arginine is a non-essential amino acid that thwarts both physical and mental fatigue. It releases both growth hormone and insulin in the body during intense exercise, thereby promoting muscle growth. It is also involved in the metabolism of ammonia and nitrogen transport. Arginine may also increase fat metabolism and lower LDL cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.
When absorbed into the human body through diet, the twenty-one standard amino acids are either oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy or used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules. About ten of these are essential, and therefore, must be included in the diet.
A diet that contains adequate amounts of amino acids (especially those that are essential) is particularly important in some situations: early development, puberty, pregnancy, lactation, or injury and for building muscle. For muscle building, pick a protein supplement or add to your diet foods that score high in several of the standards mentioned here. - 17274
About the Author:
Rochester Athletic Club, Rochester Health Club and Rochester Personal Training dedicate their services to fitness and health.
posted by X - Men at
10:07 AM
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